Vanguard S&P 500 ETF Long-Term Outlook: What Historical Trends Suggest for Patient Investors

The S&P 500 has historically returned roughly 10% annually despite major market crises. While current earnings growth of 29% year-over-year driven by AI is unsustainable and could lead to below-average returns in the near term, long-term investors should benefit from the Vanguard S&P 500 ETF's broad market exposure and minimal 0.03% expense ratio. Corporate earnings growth remains the key long-term driver of stock prices.